Animal Info - India
Contents
Threatened Species, Environmental
and Social Data (Mammals, Biodiversity/Ecosystems,
Population, Area/Land Use, Protected Lands, Economy, Education), References
and Links
Threatened Species
Threatened Species: The following list
includes all mammals which occur in India and are rated as Critically
Endangered (CR), Endangered (EN) or Vulnerable (VU) in the 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals.
- Critically Endangered:
- Endangered:
- Andaman Shrew (Crocidura andamanensis). (Endemic
to India.)
- Andaman Spiny Shrew (Crocidura hispida).
(Endemic to
India.)
- Asian Elephant (Elephas
maximus).
- Banteng (Bos javanicus).
- Blue Whale (Balaenoptera
musculus).
- Capped Leaf Monkey (Trachypithecus pileatus).
- Chiru (Tibetan Antelope)
(Pantholops hodgsonii).
- Fin Whale (Balaenoptera physalus).
- Ganges River Dolphin (Platanista
gangetica gangetica).
- Golden Leaf Monkey (Trachypithecus geei).
- Hispid Hare (Caprolagus
hispidus).
- Hoolock Gibbon (Bunipithecus
hoolock) (Previously Hylobates
hoolock).
- Indian Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros
unicornis).
- Indus River Dolphin
(Platanista minor).
- Kondana Soft-furred Rat (Millardia kondana). (Endemic to India.)
- Lion-tailed Macaque (Macaca
silenus). (Endemic to India.)
- Markhor (Capra
falconeri).
- Marsh Mongoose (Herpestes palustris). (Endemic to India.)
(Previously considered to be a subspecies of Herpestes javanicus.)
- Nicobar Shrew (Crocidura nicobarica). (Endemic to India.)
- Nicobar Tree Shrew (Tupaia nicobarica). (Endemic to India.)
- Nilgiri Tahr (Hemitragus hylocrius). (Endemic to India.)
- Particolored Flying Squirrel (Hylopetes alboniger).
- Peters' Tube-nosed Bat (Murina grisea). (Endemic to India.)
- Red Panda (Lesser Panda)
(Ailurus fulgens).
- Sei Whale (Balaenoptera borealis).
- Servant Mouse (Mus famulus). (Endemic
to India.)
- Snow Leopard (Uncia
uncia).
- Tiger (Panthera
tigris).
- Wild Water Buffalo (Bubalus
bubalis). (Previously Bubalus
arnee.)
- Woolly Flying Squirrel (Eupetaurus cinereus).
- Vulnerable:
- Andaman Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus cognatus). (Endemic
to India.)
- Andaman Rat (Rattus stoicus). (Endemic to India.)
- Argali (Ovis ammon).
- Asiatic Black Bear (Ursus thibetanus).
- Asiatic Golden Cat
(Catopuma temminckii).
- Asiatic Wild Ass (Equus hemionus).
- Assamese Macaque (Macaca assamensis).
- Back-striped Weasel (Mustela strigidorsa).
- Barasingha (Cervus
duvauceli).
- Bare-bellied Hedgehog (Hemiechinus nudiventris). (Endemic to India.)
- Blackbuck (Antilope cervicapra).
- Central Kashmir Vole (Alticola montosa). (Endemic to India.)
- Clouded Leopard
(Neofelis nebulosa).
- Day's Shrew (Suncus dayi). (Endemic to India.)
- Dhole (Cuon alpinus).
- Dugong (Dugong dugon).
- Eld's Deer (Cervus eldi).
- Elvira Rat (Cremnomys elvira). (Endemic
to India.)
- Eurasian Otter (Lutra lutra).
- Fishing Cat (Prionailurus
viverrinus).
- Four-horned Antelope (Tetracerus quadricornis).
- Gaur (Bos frontalis).
- Himalayan Tahr (Hemitragus jemlahicus).
- Humpback Whale (Megaptera
novaeangliae).
- Indian Giant Squirrel (Ratufa indica). (Endemic to India.)
- Irrawaddy Squirrel (Callosciurus pygerythrus).
- Jerdon's Palm Civet (Paradoxurus jerdoni). (Endemic to India.)
- Kashmir Cave Bat (Myotis longipes).
- Kerala Rat (Rattus ranjiniae). (Endemic
to India.)
- Khajuria's Roundleaf Bat (Hipposideros durgadasi). (Endemic to India.)
- Kolar Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros hypophyllus). (Endemic
to India.)
- Lesser Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus hipposideros).
- Mainland Serow (Capricornis sumatraensis).
- Malayan Porcupine (Hystrix brachyura).
- Mandelli's Mouse-eared Bat (Myotis sicarius).
- Marbled Cat (Pardofelis
marmorata).
- Mouflon (or Urial) (Ovis orientalis).
- Nicobar Flying Fox (Pteropus faunulus). (Endemic
to India.)
- Nilgiri Leaf Monkey (Trachypithecus johnii). (Endemic to India.)
- Nilgiri Marten (Martes gwatkinsii). (Endemic to India.)
- Nonsense Rat (Rattus burrus). (Endemic
to India.)
- Pale Grey Shrew (Crocidura pergrisea). (Endemic to India.)
- Palm Rat (Rattus palmarum). (Endemic to
India.)
- Red Goral (Naemorhedus baileyi).
- Rusty-spotted Cat
(Prionailurus rubiginosus).
- Sikkim Rat (Rattus sikkimensis).
- Sloth Bear (Melursus ursinus).
- Slow Loris (Loris tardigradus).
- Smooth-coated Otter (Lutrogale perspicillata).
(Previously Lutra perspicillata.)
- Sperm Whale (Physeter catodon).
- Sri Lankan Giant Squirrel (Ratufa macroura).
- Sri Lankan Highland Shrew (Suncus montanus).
- Stumptail Macaque (Macaca arctoides).
- Takin (Budorcas taxicolor).
- Wild Goat (Capra aegagrus).
- Wild Yak (Bos
grunniens).
Environmental and Social Data
Mammals
Total number of species: 316 (Groombridge
& Jenkins 1994)
Number of endemic species: 44 (Groombridge & Jenkins 1994)
Number of threatened species: 1996: 75 (23.7 % of
total species) (IUCN 1996); 2000:
90 (28% of total species) (IUCN 2000)
Biodiversity/Ecosystems
India contains the Western Ghats Moist Forests, Andaman Islands Forests, Eastern
Indian Monsoon Forests, and Western Ghat Rivers & Streams Global 200 Ecoregions as
well as portions of the Sumatran-Nicobar Islands Lowland Forests, Northeastern India
& Myanmar Hill Forests, Middle Asian Mountains Temperate Forests, Western Himalayan
Temperate Forests, Eastern Himalayan Broadleaf & Conifer Forests, Eastern Himalayan
Alpine Meadows, Tibetan Plateau Steppe, Terai-Duar Savannas & Grasslands, Sundarbans
Mangroves, Indus River Delta & Rann of Kutch, Maldives/Lakshadweep & Chagos Marine
Ecosystems, and Andaman & Nicobar Islands Marine Ecosystems Global 200 Ecoregions (Olson & Dinerstein 1998, Olson & Dinerstein 1999)
India contains portions of the Eastern Himalayas and the Sri Lanka & Western
Ghats of India Global
Biodiversity Hotspots (Cons. Intl.
1999a)
India is a Megadiversity
Country (Cons. Intl. 1999b)
Population
Population in 1995: 930,642,000 (Natl.
Geog. Soc. 1995)
Population density in 1995: 283.1 people/sq km (733.2 people/sq mi) (Natl. Geog. Soc. 1995)
Population in 1998: 984,003,683 (World
Almanac 1999)
Average population growth rate, 1980 - 1990: 2.1 % (World Bank 1992)
Area/Land Use
Area: 3,287,591 sq km (1,269,346 sq mi) (Natl. Geog. Soc. 1995)
Percentages of primary world ecosystem types:
- Other Coastal Aquatic: 3 %
- Desert and Semi-desert: 2 %
- Polar and Alpine: 2 %
- Grass and Shrub: 12 %
- Crop and Settlements: 44 %
- Interrupted Woods: 23 %
- Major Forests: 14 %
(Groombridge 1992)
Percent of land area classified as the following degree of human disturbance:
Low: 2 %; Medium: 42 %; High: 55 % (WRI 1994)
Protected Lands
Area: 137,710 sq km (53,156 sq mi) (Groombridge
1992)
Percent of land protected: 1.4 % totally protected; 2.95 % partially protected;
4.35 % totally or partially protected (Groombridge
1992)
Economy
Per capita GNP ($ U.S.) (1991): $330 (WRI 1994)
Per capita GDP ($ U.S.) (1996): $1,600 (World Almanac 1999)
Education
Percent of females in secondary education (1989): 31 % (World Bank 1992)
Percent adult literacy: Female: 34 % (1990), 20 % (1970); Male: 62 % (1990), 47 %
(1970) (WRI 1994)
References and Links
References: Cons. Intl. 1999a, Cons. Intl. 1999b, Groombridge 1992, Groombridge
& Jenkins 1994, IUCN 1994, IUCN 1996,
IUCN 2000, IUCN
2004, Natl. Geog.
Soc. 1995, Olson & Dinerstein 1998, Olson & Dinerstein 1999, World Almanac 1999, World Bank 1992, WRI 1994
General Links (After you get to one of these sites, click on the link
for India): CIA
World Factbook, Foreign
Embassies of Washington, D.C., Library
of Congress - Country Studies, University
of Texas - Country Maps, Washington
Post - Countries, World
Resources Institute - Country Profiles
Links for India: C. P.
Ramaswami Environmental Education Centre, IndianNGOs.com
(Non-Governmental Organizations), Project
Tiger Directorate, River
Dolphins of India, United Nations Development Program:
India, U.S. Agency for
International Development Programs: India, Wildlife
Institute of India, Wildlife
Protection Society of India, Wildlife
Trust of India, WWF/World Wide Fund for
Nature - India
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Last modified: March 20, 2006;
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